Imithombo kawoyela imbiwa emachibini angaphansi komhlaba ukuze kukhishwe uwoyela we-petroleum ukuze uyisebenzisele ukuhweba.Isiqongo somthombo kawoyela sibizwa ngokuthi yi-sourcehead, okuyiphuzu lapho umthombo ufinyelela phezulu futhi uwoyela ungakhishwa.Ikhanda lomthombo lihlanganisa izakhi ezihlukahlukene ezifana ne-casing (ulwelwesi lomthombo), isivimbeli sokuvuthela (ukulawula ukugeleza kwamafutha), kanyeIsihlahla sikaKhisimusi(uxhaxha lwamavalvu nezinto ezisetshenziswayo ukulawula ukugeleza kwamafutha emthonjeni).
IIsihlahla sikaKhisimusiiyingxenye ebalulekile yomthombo wamafutha njengoba ilawula ukugeleza kwamafutha emthonjeni futhi isiza ukugcina ingcindezi ngaphakathi kwechibi.Ngokuvamile yenziwe ngensimbi futhi ihlanganisa amavalvu, ama-spools, nezixhumi ezisetshenziselwa ukulawula ukuhamba kukawoyela, ukulungisa ukucindezela, nokuqapha ukusebenza komthombo.Isihlahla sikaKhisimusi siphinde sifakwe izici zokuphepha, njengama-valve wokuvala okuphuthumayo, angasetshenziswa ukumisa ukugeleza kwamafutha uma kunesimo esiphuthumayo.Ukuklama nokuhlelwa kwesihlahla sikaKhisimusi kungahluka kuye ngezidingo ezithile. yomthombo kanye nedamu.Isibonelo, isihlahla sikaKhisimusi somthombo ongasogwini lolwandle singase siklanywe ngendlela ehlukile kunesodwa somthombo osezweni.Ukwengeza, isihlahla sikaKhisimusi singase sihlonyiswe ngobuchwepheshe obufana nemishini ezenzakalelayo kanye nezinhlelo zokuqapha ezikude, ezivumela ukusebenza okuphumelelayo nokuphephile.
Inqubo yokumbiwa komthombo kawoyela ihlanganisa izigaba eziningana, okuhlanganisa ukulungiswa kwendawo, ukumba umthombo, i-casing kanye nosimende, nokuqedela umthombo. umsebenzi wokumba.
Ukubhoboza umthombo kuhilela ukusebenzisa i-drilling rig ukuze ubhoboze emhlabathini futhi ufinyelele ukwakheka okuzala uwoyela.I-drill bit ixhunywe ekugcineni kwentambo yokubhoboza, ezungeziswayo ukuze kudaleke imbobo.Uketshezi lokubhoboza, olukwaziwa nangokuthi udaka, lusakazwa phansi entanjeni yokubhoboza bese lusekela i-annulus (isikhala esiphakathi kwepayipi lokubhoboza nodonga lomthombo) ukuze kuphole futhi kugcotshwe i-drill bit, ukususa ukusikwa, nokugcina ingcindezi emgodini womthombo. .Uma umthombo usubhodliwe waze wafika lapho ofisa ukujula khona, kwenziwa i-casing kanye nosimende.I-Casing iyipayipi lensimbi elifakwa emthonjeni ukuze liqiniswe futhi livimbele ukubhidlika komgodi.Usimende ube esephonswa ku-annulus phakathi kwe-casing kanye nomthombo ukuze kuvinjelwe ukugeleza koketshezi kanye negesi phakathi kokwakheka okuhlukene.
Isigaba sokugcina sokumba umthombo kawoyela siwukugcwalisa umthombo, okuhlanganisa ukufaka izinto ezidingekayo zokukhiqiza, njengesihlahla sikaKhisimusi, nokuxhuma umthombo nezindawo zokukhiqiza.Umthombo usulungele ukukhiqiza uwoyela negesi.
Lezi yizinyathelo eziyisisekelo ezihilelekile ekubholeni umthombo wamafutha, kodwa inqubo ingaba yinkimbinkimbi futhi ibe yinkimbinkimbi kuye ngezimo ezithile ze-reservoir kanye nomthombo.
Kafushane, iIsihlahla sikaKhisimusiiyingxenye ebalulekile yomthombo kawoyela futhi idlala indima ebalulekile ekukhishweni nasekuthuthweni kukawoyela we-petroleum.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-07-2023