Imithombo kawoyela idonswa ezindaweni zokugcina ezingaphansi komhlaba ukuze zikhiphe uwoyela we-petroleum ukuze zisetshenziswe kwezentengiso. Ingaphezulu lomthombo wamafutha okubizwa ngokuthi yi-Wellhead, okuyiphuzu lapho umthombo ufinyelela khona kahle phezulu futhi uwoyela ungakhishwa. I-Wellhead ifaka phakathi izingxenye ezahlukahlukene ezifana ne-casing (i-lining yomthombo), umvikeli we-blowout (ukulawula ukuhamba kwamafutha), kanyeIsihlahla sikaKhisimusi(Inethiwekhi yama-valves kanye nama-fittings asetshenziselwa ukulawula ukuhamba kwamafutha kusuka emthonjeni).
Le khasiIsihlahla sikaKhisimusiIngxenye ebalulekile yamafutha njengoba ilawula ukuhamba kwamafutha emthonjeni futhi isiza ukugcina ingcindezi ngaphakathi kwe-reservoir. Ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngensimbi futhi kufaka ama-valve, ama-spools, kanye nokufakelwa okusetshenziselwa ukulawula ukuhamba kwamafutha, lungisa ingcindezi, futhi ubheke ukusebenza kahle. Isihlahla sikaKhisimusi futhi sihlome ngezinto zokuphepha, ezinjengama-valve avaliwe aphuthumayo, angasetshenziselwa ukumisa ukuhamba kwamafutha uma kwenzeka kunesimo esiphuthumayo. Ukulungiswa kwesihlahla sikaKhisimusi kungahluka ngokuya ngezidingo ezithile zomthombo kanye ne-reservoir. Isibonelo, isihlahla sikaKhisimusi se-Offshore kahle sakhiwe ngendlela ehlukile kwelinye libe ngumthombo osekelwe emhlabeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isihlahla sikaKhisimusi singafakelwa ubuchwepheshe obunjenge-automation kanye nezinhlelo zokubheka kude, ezivumela ukusebenza okusebenzayo futhi okuphephile.
Inqubo yokumba kawoyela ifaka izigaba eziningana, kufaka phakathi ukulungiswa kwesiza, ukumba umthombo, ukuthumelana kanye nokufaka isimemezelo, nokuphothula ukulungiswa kwe-Well.
Ukumba umthombo kubandakanya ukusebenzisa i-ring rig ukuze kufakwe emhlabathini futhi kufinyelele ekwakhekeni kwamafutha. I-drill bit inamathiselwe ekugcineni kwentambo ye-drill, ejikelezwa ukudala umgodi. Ukushayela uketshezi, okwaziwa nangokuthi udaka, lusakazwa phansi ngentambo yokumba bese ubeka i-annulus (isikhala esiphakathi komthombo, bese ugcina umngcele ku-Wellbore. I-Casing iyipayipi lensimbi elibekwe emlolweni ukuze liliqinise futhi livikele ukuwa komgodi. Usimende bese ubhekisisa ku-annulus phakathi kokufaka i-casing kanye nomthombo wokuvimbela ukugeleza koketshezi kanye negesi phakathi kwezindlela ezahlukahlukene.
Isigaba sokugcina sokumba umthombo wamafutha siphothula umthombo, okubandakanya ukufaka imishini yokukhiqiza edingekayo, efana nesihlahla sikaKhisimusi, kanye nokuxhuma kahle izikhungo zokukhiqiza. Umthombo uwulungele ukukhiqiza uwoyela negesi.
Lezi yizinyathelo eziyisisekelo ezihilelekile ekubizeni kahle uwoyela, kepha inqubo ingaba yinkimbinkimbi futhi iyinkimbinkimbi ngokuya ngemibandela ethile ye-reservoir nomthombo.
Ngokufingqa,Isihlahla sikaKhisimusiIngxenye ebucayi yomthombo wamafutha futhi idlala indima ebalulekile ekukhishweni nasekuthuthweni kwamafutha kaphethiloli.
Isikhathi Sokuthumela: Feb-07-2023