Inkinga yamandla ngeminyaka yawo-1970 yaqeda inkathi kawoyela oshibhile futhi yangenisa umjaho wokumba uwoyela waphesheya kwezilwandle.Ngenani lentengo yomphongolo kawoyela ongahluziwe ngamadijithi aphindwe kabili, amanye amasu okubhola aphucuzekile nokuwabuyisela aqala ukubonwa, ngisho noma ebiza kakhulu.Ngokwezindinganiso zanamuhla, amapulatifomu angaphesheya kwezilwandle ngokuvamile akhiqiza amanani aphansi - cishe imiphongolo eyi-10,000 ngosuku (BPD).Size sibe ne-ThunderHorse PDQ, imojula yokubhola, ukukhiqiza, neyokuphila engakhiqiza imiphongolo kawoyela efika ku-250,000 kanye ne-200 million cubic feet (Mmcf) yegesi ngosuku.Iyunithi yokukhiqiza enkulu kangaka, inani lama-valve okwenziwa ngesandla afinyelela ku-12,000 ngaphezulu, iningi lawoama-valve ebhola.Lesi sihloko sizogxila ezinhlotsheni ezimbalwa zama-valve asikiwe avame ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni eziphezulu zamapulatifomu asogwini.
Ukukhiqizwa kukawoyela negesi nakho kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwemishini eyisizayo engenzi ngokuqondile ukucutshungulwa kwama-hydrocarbons, kodwa inikeza kuphela ukusekelwa okufanelekile kwenqubo.Izinsiza ezisizayo zihlanganisa uhlelo lokuphakamisa amanzi olwandle (ukushintshanisa ukushisa, umjovo, ukulwa nomlilo, njll.), amanzi ashisayo nohlelo lokusabalalisa amanzi okupholisa.Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi inqubo ngokwayo noma imishini eyisizayo, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa i-valve yokuhlukanisa.Imisebenzi yabo eyinhloko ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo ezimbili: ukuhlukaniswa kwemishini kanye nokulawula inqubo (on-off).Ngezansi, sizohlaziya isimo samavalvu afanelekile eduze kwemigqa yokulethwa koketshezi oluhlukahlukene olujwayelekile kumapulatifomu okukhiqiza aphesheya kwezilwandle.
Isisindo semishini sibalulekile nakumapulatifomu angaphesheya kwezilwandle.Ikhilogremu ngayinye yezinto zokusebenza eziseplatifomu idinga ukuhanjiswa iye endaweni inqamule izilwandle nolwandle, futhi idinga ukunakekelwa kuwo wonke umjikelezo wayo wokuphila.Ngokunjalo, ama-valve ebhola asetshenziswa kakhulu endaweni yesikhulumi ngoba ahlangene futhi anemisebenzi eminingi.Kunjalo, kukhona eziqinile ngaphezulu (flatama-valve esango) noma ama-valve alula (njengama-butterfly valves), kodwa kucatshangelwa izici ezihlukahlukene ezifana nezindleko, isisindo, ukucindezela kanye nezinga lokushisa, ama-valve ebhola ngokuvamile ayisinqumo esifanele kakhulu.
Ngokusobala,ama-valve ebholaawagcini nje ngokulula, kodwa futhi anezilinganiso zobude ezincane (futhi ngokuvamile izilinganiso zobubanzi).I-valve yebhola nayo inenzuzo yokuhlinzeka ngembobo yokukhipha phakathi kwezihlalo ezimbili, ngakho-ke ukuba khona kokuvuza kwangaphakathi kungabhekwa.Le nzuzo iwusizo kuma-valve okuvala-off ezimeni eziphuthumayo (ESDV) ngoba ukusebenza kwawo kokuvala kufanele kuhlolwe njalo.
Uketshezi oluphuma emthonjeni kawoyela ngokuvamile luyingxube kawoyela negesi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi amanzi.Imvamisa, njengoba impilo yomthombo iguga, amanzi ampontshelwa phezulu njengomkhiqizo wokuthola kabusha uwoyela.Ezingxubeni ezinjalo - futhi ngempela nezinye izinhlobo zoketshezi - into yokuqala okufanele inqume ukuthi kukhona yini ukungcola kuzo, njenge-carbon dioxide, i-hydrogen sulfide, nezinhlayiya eziqinile (isihlabathi noma imfucumfucu egqwalayo, njll.).Uma kukhona izinhlayiya eziqinile, isihlalo nebhola kudingeka kuhlanganiswe nensimbi ukuze kugwenywe ukuguga ngokweqile kusengaphambili.Kokubili i-CO2 (i-carbon dioxide) ne-H2S (i-hydrogen sulfide) idala indawo ebolayo, ngokuvamile ebizwa ngokuthi ukugqwala okumnandi nokugqwala kwe-asidi.Ukugqwala okumnandi ngokuvamile kubangela ukulahlekelwa okufanayo kongqimba olungaphezulu lwengxenye.Imiphumela yokugqwala kwe-asidi iyingozi kakhulu, okuvame ukubangela ukonakala kwezinto, okuholela ekungasebenzini kwemishini.Zombili izinhlobo zokugqwala ngokuvamile zingavinjelwa ukukhethwa kwezinto ezifanele kanye nomjovo wama-inhibitors afanelekile.I-NACE ithuthukise isethi yamazinga aqondene ngqo nokugqwala kwe-asidi: "MR0175 yemboni kawoyela negesi, izinto ezisetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinesulfure ekukhiqizeni uwoyela negesi."Izinto zevalvu ngokuvamile zilandela leli zinga.Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane naleli zinga, okokusebenza kufanele kuhlangabezane nezidingo ezimbalwa, njengokuqina, ukuze kufaneke ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezine-asidi.
Amavalvu amaningi ebhola okukhiqizwa ngasogwini aklanywe ngokuhambisana namazinga e-API 6D.Izinkampani zikawoyela negesi zivame ukubeka izidingo ezengeziwe phezu kwaleli zinga, imvamisa ngokubeka imibandela eyengeziwe ezintweni zokwakha noma ezidinga ukuhlolwa okuqinile.Isibonelo, izinga le-S-562 elethulwe yi-International Association of Oil and Gas Producers (IOGP).I-S-562-API 6D Ball Valve Standard Supplement yathuthukiswa izinkampani ezinkulu ezimbalwa zikawoyela negesi ukuze zihlanganise futhi ziqondise izidingo ezihlukahlukene abakhiqizi okufanele bahambisane nazo.Ngethemba, lokhu kuzonciphisa izindleko futhi kunciphise izikhathi zokuhola.
Amanzi olwandle anezinhlobonhlobo zezindima ezinkundleni zokumba, okuhlanganisa ukulwa nomlilo, ukugcwala kwamanzi echibini, ukushintshana kokushisa, amanzi ezimboni, kanye nemfuyo yamanzi okuphuza.Ipayipi elihambisa amanzi olwandle ngokuvamile lilikhulu ngobubanzi futhi liphansi ngomfutho - i-valve uvemvane ifaneleka kakhulu esimweni sokusebenza.Amavalvu e-Butterfly ahambisana namazinga e-API 609 futhi angahlukaniswa abe izinhlobo ezintathu: i-concentric, i-double eccentric kanye ne-triple eccentric.Ngenxa yezindleko eziphansi, ama-valve ovemvane agxilile anama-lugs noma ama-clamp designs avame kakhulu.Ubukhulu bobubanzi bama-valve anjalo buncane kakhulu, futhi uma efakwe epayipini, kufanele ihambisane ngokunembile, ngaphandle kwalokho izothinta ukusebenza kwe-valve.Uma ukulungiswa kwe-flange kungalungile, kungase kuvimbele ukusebenza kwe-valve, futhi kungase kwenze i-valve ingakwazi ukusebenza.Ezinye izimo zingase zidinge ukusetshenziswa kwama-valve uvemvane ane-eccentric kabili noma kathathu;Izindleko ze-valve ngokwayo ziphakeme, kodwa namanje ziphansi kunezindleko zokuqondanisa okunembile ngesikhathi sokufakwa.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-28-2024