Inkinga yamandla eminyaka yo-1970 yaqeda inkathi yamafutha ashibhile futhi yafakwa emncintiswaneni wokudonsa uwoyela waphesheya kwezilwandle. Ngentengo yomgqomo kawoyela ongahluziwe kumadijithi amabili, amanye amasu wokumba nokuvuselela amasu asaqala ukuqashelwa, noma ngabe abiza kakhulu. Ngamazinga wanamuhla, amapulatifomu okuqala aphesheya kwezilwandle akhiqize amavolumu aphansi - cishe ama-10,000 imigqomo ngosuku (BPD). Siphinde sibe ne-Thunderhorse PDQ, ukumba, ukukhiqizwa, kanye nemodyuli ephilayo engakhiqiza imiphongolo engama-250,000 yezinyawo ezingama-250,000 izinyawo ze-cubic (MMCF) kaphethiloli ngosuku. Uphiko olukhulu olunjalo, inani lama-valve wemanyuwali abaningi abangaba ngu-12,000, iningi labo likhonaama-valve ebhola. Lo mbhalo uzogxila ezinhlotsheni eziningana zama-valves asikiwe asetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni eziphezulu zamapulatifomu aphesheya.
Ukukhiqizwa kwamafutha negesi nakho kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwemishini yosizo engasebenzi ngqo ukucubungula kwama-hydrocarbons, kepha kunikeza kuphela ukusekelwa okufanele kwenqubo. Imishini Yosizi ifaka uhlelo lokuphakamisa lwamanzi olwandle (ukushintshana ngokushisa, umjovo, ukulwa nomlilo, njll.), Amanzi ashisayo nohlelo lokuhambisa amanzi okupholisa. Noma ngabe yinqubo uqobo noma imishini yokusiza, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa i-valve yehlukaniso. Imisebenzi yabo eyinhloko ihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezimbili: Ukuhlukaniswa Kwemishini nokulawula inqubo (okuphuma). Ngezansi, sizokwazi ukuhlaziya isimo sama-valve amancanyana azungeze imigqa yokulethwa kwamanzi ahlukahlukene ajwayelekile kumapulatifomu okukhiqiza aphesheya kwezilwandle.
Isisindo semishini futhi sibucayi kumapulatifomu aphesheya. Njalo ikhilogremu yemishini epulatifomu idinga ukuthuthwa esizeni ngaphesheya kwezilwandle kanye nolwandle, futhi idinga ukunakekelwa kulo lonke umjikelezo wayo wokuphila. Ngokuvumelana nalokhu, ama-valves ebhola asetshenziswa kakhulu endaweni yesikhulumi ngoba acwebile futhi abe nemisebenzi eminingi. Vele, kukhona okuqinile (ifulethiama-gang valves) Noma ama-valves akhanyayo (njengama-valves we-butterfly), kepha ucubungula izici ezahlukahlukene ezifana nezindleko, isisindo, ingcindezi kanye nokushisa, ama-ball valves ajwayele ukukhetha okufanele kakhulu.
Ngokusobala,ama-valve ebholaAkukhona nje okulula, kepha futhi kube nobukhulu obuncane obuphakeme (kanye nobubanzi obuningi obubanzi). I-valve yebhola futhi inenzuzo yokuhlinzeka ngechweba lokukhipha phakathi kwezihlalo ezimbili, ngakho-ke ubukhona bokuvuza kwangaphakathi bungabhekwa. Le nzuzo iyasiza kuma-valves avaliwe aphuthumayo (i-ESDV) ngoba ukusebenza kwabo kokubopha kudinga ukuhlolwa kaningi.
Uketshezi oluvela emthonjeni wamafutha luvame ingxube yamafutha negesi, futhi kwesinye isikhathi amanzi. Imvamisa, njengempilo yeminyaka eminingi, amanzi aphonswa phezulu njengomkhiqizo wokubuyiselwa kwamafutha. Ngezinhlanganisela ezinjalo - futhi empeleni ezinye izinhlobo zoketshezi - into yokuqala ukuthola ukuthi kukhona ukungcola kuzo, njenge-carbon dioxide, i-hydrogen sulfide, izinhlayiya eziqinile (njll noma imfucumfucu eqinile, njll.). Uma izinhlayiya eziqinile zikhona, isihlalo nebhola zidinga ukuhlanganiswa ngensimbi ukugwema ukugqoka ngokweqile kusengaphambili. Kokubili i-CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) kanye ne-H2S (Hydrogen Sulfide) kubangela izimo ezilimazayo, ngokuvamile kubizwa ngokuthi ukugqwala okumnandi kanye nokugqwala kwe-acid. Ukugcwala okumnandi ngokuvamile kudala ukulahleka okufanayo kwengxenye yengxenye yengxenye. Imiphumela yokugqwala kwe-acid iyingozi kakhulu, evame ukubangela ukufezekiswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, okuphumela ekuhlulekeni kwemishini. Zombili lezi zinhlobo zokugqwala zivame ukuvinjelwa ukukhethwa kwezinto ezifanele kanye nomjovo wama-inhibitors afanele. I-NACE ithuthukise iqoqo lamazinga e-acid corrosion: "MR0175 embonini kawoyela negesi, izinto zokusetshenziswa ezindaweni eziqukethe ama-sulfur ezikhiqizwayo." Izinto ze-valve ngokuvamile zilandela leli Zinga. Ukuhlangabezana naleli Zinga, okuqukethwe kumele kuhlangabezane nezidingo eziningana, njengokulukhuni, ukuze zilungele ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezine-acid.
Ama-valves amaningi ebhola ngokukhiqizwa okuphuma olwandle aklanyelwe ngokuya ngamazinga we-API 6D. Izinkampani zikawoyela negesi zivame ukubambelela izidingo ezengeziwe ngaphezulu kwaleli Zinga, imvamisa ngokubeka izimo ezengeziwe ngezinto zokwakha noma ezidinga ukuhlolwa okunzima. Isibonelo, indinganiso ye-S-562 eyethulwe yinhlangano yamazwe omhlaba yabakhiqizi bamafutha negesi (iOGP). Isengezo esijwayelekile se-S-562-API 6D Ball Valve Valve Valve sakhiwa yizinkampani eziningi ezinkulu ze-oyela negesi ukuhlanganisa futhi ziqondise izidingo ezahlukahlukene abakhiqizi okufanele bahambisane nazo. Ngokunenhlawulo, lokhu kuzonciphisa izindleko futhi kunciphise izikhathi zokuhola.
Amanzi olwandle anezinhlobonhlobo zezindima kumapulatifomu okumba, kufaka phakathi ukucisha umlilo, izikhukhula zokucima umlilo, ukushintshana kokushisa, amanzi ezimboni, nokuphakelayo kwamanzi okuphuza. Ipayipi lokuhambisa amanzi olwandle livame ukuba likhulu ububanzi futhi liphansi ngokucindezela - i-butterfly valve ilungele isimo sokusebenza. Ama-butterfly ama-valves ahambisana namazinga we-API 609 futhi angahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezintathu: i-extracric, i-eccentric e-eccentric e-eccentric ephindwe kabili. Ngenxa yezindleko eziphansi, ama-valve aqinile amavelu anama-lugs noma ama-clamp design ajwayelekile kakhulu. Usayizi wobubanzi balezo lama-valves amancane kakhulu, futhi uma ufakwa epayipini, kufanele aqondaniswe ngokunembile, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzothinta ukusebenza kwe-valve. Uma ukuhambisana kwe-flange kungalungile, kungavimba ukusebenza kwe-valve, futhi kungahle kwenze ne-valve ingakwazi ukusebenza. Ezinye izimo zingadinga ukusetshenziswa kwama-valve amnyama noma amathathu-eccentric; Izindleko ze-valve uqobo ziphezulu, kepha zisezingeni eliphansi kunezindleko zokuhlangana okuqondile ngesikhathi sokufakwa.
Isikhathi Sokuthumela: Jun-28-2024